Which term denotes the class of controls used to restrict access, including software or hardware components?

Which term denotes the class of controls used to restrict access, including software or hardware components?

• A. Technical Control
• B. System-specific Policies
• C. Steganography
• D. Standard

Answer: (A)

Technical controls are the mechanisms built into software or hardware that enforce access restrictions. They operate directly within systems to limit who can do what, using technology like authentication, authorization, encryption, access control lists, and firewall rules. Administrative policies govern rules and procedures, physical controls cover locks and guards, and steganography is a data-hidden technique, while standards are guidelines. Since this item focuses on restrictions implemented through software or hardware, technical controls are the best fit.