Which practice is a method of formal or informal review of the programming instructions?

Which practice is a method of formal or informal review of the programming instructions?

• A. Mutation
• B. Dynamic Analysis
• C. Storage Design Pattern
• D. Code Review

Answer: (D)

Code review is the process of examining source code by people other than the author to find defects, ensure coding standards are followed, and improve security and maintainability. It can be done formally, with a structured inspection and checklist, or informally as a peer review, both focusing on reviewing the programming instructions rather than running them. This makes it the best fit for describing a formal or informal review of code, because it targets the code itself and its quality, not how the code behaves at runtime or how data is stored. The other concepts relate to different activities: mutation testing involves deliberately altering code to test whether tests catch the changes, dynamic analysis runs the program to observe its behavior, and storage design patterns concern how data is organized and stored rather than reviewing the code.